Elevation change system for a rotary device

ABSTRACT

An elevation change mechanism is disclosed for adjusting the elevation of a rotatable element of a rotary device in a direction parallel to the axis about which the rotatable element rotates. The rotary device can be: a filler, capper, labeler, a star wheel conveyor, or other rotary device. In some cases, the same motor that rotates the rotary device about the axis is used to move the elevation change mechanism in a direction parallel to the axis.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an adjustable rotary device for anautomated article handling line, and more particularly is directed toadjustment systems and methods for adjusting the rotary device toaccommodate different articles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various types of rotary devices are used for handling articles onautomated handling lines. On an automated handling line that involvesfilling bottles with liquids, for example, such rotary devices mayinclude fillers, cappers, labelers, and star wheel conveyors. Often suchrotary devices will be provided with their own drive motor, such as aservo motor, for rotating the rotary device.

It may be necessary for automated handling lines to process articlessuch as containers of varying shapes and sizes. This has, however,created challenges for such rotary devices. For example, in the case ofmany current star wheels, each star wheel can only handle containers ofa specific shape and size, so this requires changing the star wheelplates or disks each time a different container is introduced onto thehandling line. This is undesirable as it is both time consuming andnecessitates having to keep a stock of different-sized star wheelplates. In addition, in some cases, it is desirable to adjust theelevation of rotary devices to accommodate articles of differentheights. Not all rotary devices are adjustable in height. In those caseswhen rotary devices are adjustable in height, the adjustability, ifpowered, often requires a separate motor to implement the adjustment.

The patent literature describes a number of efforts to improve suchdevices These include, but are not limited to devices described in: U.S.Pat. No. 1,981,641; U.S. Pat. No. 2,324,312; U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,154;U.S. Pat. No. 4,124,112; U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,695; U.S. Pat. No.5,046,599; U.S. Pat. No. 5,082,105; U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,320; U.S. Pat.No. 5,590,753; U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,793 B2; U.S. Pat. No. 7,398,871 B1;U.S. Patent Publication US 2007/0271871 A1; U.S. Pat. No. 8,418,836 andU.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2011/0272246 A1, bothpublished in the name of Papsdorf; DE 19903319A; EP 0 355 971 B1; EP 0401 698 B1; EP 0 412 059 B1; EP 0 659 683 B1; EP 0 894 544 A2; EP 1 663824 B1; JP Publication JP 10035879 A; PCT WO 2005/030616 A2; and PCT WO2009/040531 A1. Adjustable guide rails for star wheels are alsodescribed the patent literature, including in the aforementioned U.S.Pat. No. 5,540,320 and PCT Publication WO 2005/030616 A2, as well as inU.S. Pat. No. 7,431,150 B2; PCT WO 2005/123553 A1; and U.S. Pat. No.8,499,921, Orndorff.

The search for improved mechanisms for adjusting rotary devices has,however, continued. In particular, it is desirable to provide a rotarydevice that has a simple adjustment system that has increasedflexibility to handle articles having many different sizes andconfigurations, and is less expensive to manufacture and/or operate thanstar wheels with multiple change parts, and other automatic adjustmentoptions for such devices.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an adjustable rotary device for use onan automated article handling line, and more particularly is directed toadjustment systems and methods for adjusting a rotary device toaccommodate different articles.

Two different types of adjustment systems for adjusting a rotary deviceare described herein. Each of these comprises an invention in its ownright. The adjustment systems can be used independently in which caseonly one of the adjustment systems is used with a rotary device.Alternatively, they can be used together in order to adjust differentaspects of the rotary device.

A rotational adjustment system that may be a low cost way for adjustingthe angular displacement of one or more rotatable elements of a rotarydevice is disclosed herein. The rotary device can comprise any ofvarious types of rotary devices are used for handling articles onautomated handling lines. On an automated handling line that involvesfilling bottles with liquids, for example, such rotary devices mayinclude, but are not limited to: fillers, cappers, labelers, and starwheel conveyors. The rotational adjustment system comprises a rotationaladjustment mechanism that may cooperate with other components of therotary device such as the drive motor. The rotational adjustmentmechanism comprises an adjustment element that may be movable to engageone or more of the rotatable elements of the rotary device. In the caseof a star wheel conveyor, for example, the adjustment element may assistin adjusting the rotational position of the individual rotatableelement(s) and in setting the dimensions of pockets for the articles tobe conveyed. In some cases, the rotational adjustment mechanism mayfurther comprise a support and the adjustment element may be movablyjoined to the support.

An elevation adjustment system for adjusting the elevation of at leastone rotatable element of a rotary device is also disclosed herein. Thesystem may adjust the position of the rotatable element(s) in adirection parallel to the axis about which the rotatable element rotates(for example, the vertical displacement of the rotatable element(s)).The elevation adjustment system may comprise an elevation adjustmentmechanism. The elevation adjustment mechanism may be positioned to atleast indirectly engage at least one rotatable element in order toadjust the elevation of the rotatable element or elements.

The rotary device will typically comprise a main drive motor forrotating the device. In some cases, the adjustment systems describedherein may utilize the existing main drive motor that rotates the rotarydevice to adjust the rotational position and/or elevation of therotatable element(s) of the rotary device. This may provide an economicadvantage and provide automatic adjustment at a very modest cost byusing a motor that already exists on the rotary device to assist inperforming the adjustments.

Methods for adjusting the rotational position and/or the elevation ofone or more rotary elements on a rotary device are also describedherein. The methods may comprise a step (a) of providing a systemcomprising a rotary device and at least one of a rotational or elevationadjustment (or elevation change) mechanism. If a rotational adjustmentmechanism is provided, the method may further comprise a step (b) ofmoving an adjustment element and/or rotating a rotatable element so thatthe adjustment element engages one or more rotatable elements to adjustthe rotational position of the rotatable element. If an elevationadjustment mechanism is provided, the elevation change mechanism may beselectively engageable with the mechanism for rotating the rotatableelement, and the mechanism for rotating the rotatable element may alsobe arranged to impart motion to the elevation change mechanism. In sucha case, the elevation adjustment method may further comprise a step (b)of engaging the elevation change mechanism with the mechanism forrotating the rotatable element and activating the mechanism for rotatingthe rotatable element so that the elevation change mechanism moves inthe direction of the axis about which the rotatable element rotates.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following detailed description will be more fully understood in viewof the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an adjustable star wheel togetherwith one version of an adjustment system for adjusting the adjustablestar wheel to accommodate different articles.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the adjustable star wheel with severalbottles in the pockets formed by the rotatable elements.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a rotatable element having a firstconfiguration.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a rotatable element having a secondconfiguration.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmented perspective view of several rotatableelements showing the formation of pockets for articles.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing the components thatcomprise the upper assembly of the star wheel shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6A is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of a star wheelhaving an alternative embodiment of a mechanism for maintainingconcentricity between rotatable elements without using a central shaft.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a clutch plate.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of an alternative clutch plate.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the adjustablestar wheel system shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of another star wheel having analternative embodiment of a rotational adjustment mechanism.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a star wheel having another alternativerotational adjustment mechanism.

FIG. 12 is a fragmented perspective view showing still anotheralternative adjustment element in a first position.

FIG. 12A is a fragmented perspective view showing the alternativeadjustment element in FIG. 12 in a second position.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a star wheel system comprising multiplealternative adjustment elements.

FIG. 14 is a side view of the star wheel and adjustment system shown inFIG. 1.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the star wheel taken along line15-15 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of gear system suitable for linking thedrive motor to the drive shaft.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a star wheel having alternative typesof rotational adjustment and elevation adjustment systems.

FIG. 18 is another perspective view of the star wheel shown in FIG. 17showing the adjustment element engaging with an elevation adjustmentinitiation component.

FIG. 19 is an exploded perspective view showing one portion of theinternal screw mechanism of the star wheel shown in FIG. 17.

FIG. 20 is an enlarged side perspective view of the locking mechanism ofthe star wheel shown in FIG. 17.

FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view showing another portion of theinternal screw mechanism and locking mechanism of the star wheel shownin FIG. 17.

The embodiments of the system shown in the drawings are illustrative innature and are not intended to be limiting of the invention defined bythe claims. Moreover, the features of the invention will be more fullyapparent and understood in view of the detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to an adjustable rotary device for anautomated article handling line, and more particularly is directed toadjustment systems and methods for adjusting the rotary device toaccommodate different articles.

The rotary device can comprise any of various types of rotary devicesthat are used for handling articles on automated handling lines. On anautomated handling line that involves filling bottles with liquids, forexample, such rotary devices may include, but are not limited to:fillers, cappers, labelers, and star wheel conveyors. For purposes ofillustration, the inventions are shown and described in conjunction withan adjustable star wheel conveyor (the “star wheel”). It is understoodthat the present invention is not limited to use with star wheels, andcan be used (as applicable) with any suitable rotary device.

FIG. 1 shows one non-limiting version of a system 20 comprising anadjustable star wheel 22 for conveying three dimensional articles aroundan arcuate path. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the systemcomprises: the adjustable star wheel 22; an adjustable guide railassembly 24 comprising a guide rail 24C; a main drive motor 26 forrotating the star wheel 22; and two different types of adjustmentsystems, a rotational adjustment system comprising a rotationaladjustment mechanism 28 and an elevation adjustment system comprising anelevation adjustment mechanism 30 for adjusting the adjustable starwheel 22 to accommodate different size and/or shape articles 10. Thearticles 10 are shown in FIG. 2.

The Star Wheel Conveyor

The star wheel conveyor 22 can have any suitable configuration. The starwheel conveyor 22 can comprise certain known star wheel configurations,or it can comprise a star wheel of the type described in greater detailherein. However, if the adjustment mechanisms 28 and 30 described hereinare to be retrofit on known rotary devices, certain modifications tosuch rotary devices may be required so that they are suitable for usewith the adjustment systems described herein. The properties thesedevices should have are described in further detail below. In addition,if the rotary device comprises a star wheel 22 that is used to conveycontainers having necks, it may be desirable for the star wheel 22 to beof a type that is configured to contact the sides of containers belowthe necks of the containers and of a type that does not hold thecontainers by their necks. Thus, the star wheel 22 may be free ofarticle neck-engaging components.

The star wheel 22 can be used to convey numerous different types ofthree dimensional articles 10. Such articles include, but are notlimited to: bottles, cans, containers, razors, razor blade heads andhandles, tampon tubes, deodorant stick containers, bags, cartons, andpucks and carriers which convey other articles within. While the starwheel 22 can easily transport conventionally-shaped articles (e.g.,cylindrical, and/or symmetrical articles), the star wheel 22 shown inFIG. 1 is particularly suited to transport and control articles havingshapes that are challenging to transport by other types of star wheels.The star wheel 22 can, for example, be used to transport: bottles withnon-flat or rounded bottoms that would be unstable on a horizontalsurface; bottles with small bases that will easily tip; bottles withangled and/or off-center necks; asymmetrical bottles; bottles ofnon-constant cross-section, etc.

The adjustable star wheel 22 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may have relativelyfew moving parts and may accommodate a wide variety of different sizeand shape articles. The star wheel conveyor 22 comprises a plurality ofrotatable elements, which may be in the form of rotatable star-shapeddisks or plates. The rotatable elements are designated generally byreference number 32. The rotatable elements, disks 32, are rotatable ina plane of rotation about an axis A. The rotatable disks 32 are stackedand have a common center through which the axis A passes. The articlesare typically conveyed with their bases in a given plane. The axis A isperpendicular to the plane of article conveyance and the plane ofrotation. The disks 32 have a difference in elevation or spacingtherebetween in a direction parallel to the axis A so that each disk 32lies in a different plane. The disks 32 are rotatable around a driveshaft 36 that is aligned with axis A. Each of the disks 32 may beconfigured to at least partially rotate in the clockwise and/orcounterclockwise direction around the drive shaft 36.

The rotatable elements 32 are not limited to elements in the form ofdisks. The rotatable elements 32 can be in any suitable configurationthat is capable of being adjusted by rotating to form pockets for thearticles. Although the examples of the rotatable elements may bedescribed herein as disks, this is for convenience only, and it isunderstood that any other suitable rotatable element configuration canbe used. Non-limiting examples of other suitable rotatable elementconfigurations for star wheels are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 8,418,836,Papsdorf. In certain embodiments, however, it may be desirable for therotatable elements 32 to be free of key holes, or holes containinggears, that are used to set the configuration of the pockets for thearticles. Other types of rotary devices, such as fillers, cappers, andlabelers, may have completely different types of rotatable element(s),such as rotatable turrets. These other devices may also have differenttypes of spaces or sites for holding articles (that is, other thanpockets). For example, in a filler, an article such as a bottle may sitin a space on a platform, and be clamped at its top and bottom. Thephrase “sites for holding articles” may be used herein to genericallycover pockets or such other types of spaces for the articles.

The rotary devices of interest herein will comprise at least onerotatable element. The star wheel 22 may comprise any suitable number ofrotatable elements 32. In certain embodiments, it may be desirable forthe star wheel 22 to comprise at least four, five, six, seven, eight, ormore rotatable disks. In the version of the star wheel 22 shown in FIGS.1 and 2, the star wheel 22 comprises eight rotatable disks 32. The disks32 are more specifically designated in FIG. 2 as first disk 32A, seconddisk 32B, third disk 32C, fourth disk 32D, fifth disk 32E, sixth disk32F, seventh disk 32G, and eighth disk 32H. Numerous variations arepossible. In one variation of this embodiment, the first disk 32A can beeliminated. As shown in FIG. 6, each disk is separated by a clutch plate34.

In the version of the star wheel 22 which is shown in the drawings, thevarious rotatable elements (e.g., disks) 32 in the stack of rotatableelements will typically have at least two different configurations. Invarious embodiments, there can be any suitable number of different disk32 configurations ranging from two, three, four, five, six, or more,different disk configurations up to a different disk configuration equalto the total number of disks 32. The different disks 32 can have anysuitable configurations. FIGS. 3 and 4 show that in this particularembodiment where eight disks are used, there are basically two differentdisk configurations. The two basic configurations are that of disk 32Ashown in FIG. 3 and disk 32D shown in FIG. 4. Disks 32A, 32B, 32G, and32H all have the same configuration, a first configuration, which may bereferred to herein as a U-shaped configuration. Disks 32C, 32D, 32E, and32F all have the same configuration, a second configuration, which maybe referred to herein as a V-shaped configuration. These particulardisks 32 may be thought of as resembling circular saw blades with gaps(where there are no teeth) between their “teeth-like” projections. Thedisks 32 of the adjustable star wheel 22, of course, need not be sharpedged. In fact, rounding of the edges may prevent scratching and damageto the articles.

As shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, each disk 32 has a centralaxis or center 62 and a periphery 64. The disks 32 may have at least onerecess 66 in their periphery 64. In some cases, the center 62 of thedisks 32 has an opening 68 for the shaft 36. The shaft 36 can have arelatively small diameter, or it can be large in diameter, nearlyfilling the area of the disks 32 up to the recess(es) 66. In the lattercase, this would result in disks 32 that resemble rings. The opening 68in the disks 32 for the shaft 36 may be circular, or in any othersuitable configuration. It is possible to create an alternativeconstruction of a star wheel assembly that uses another means ofmaintaining concentricity between disks 32 and transmitting torquewithout piloting the disks 32 to a shaft 36. For example, as shown inFIG. 6A, the disks 32 could be piloted around pins, such as three ormore pins 76 that support the disks 32 inside of opening 68, or aroundthe periphery 64. In other cases, the disks 32 may not have an openingfor a shaft, but may still be rotatable (independently and as a group)about the axis, A, that passes through their centers. In any case, thedisks 32 are independently rotatable for adjustment, as well as beingcollectively rotatable as a group in order to transport articles.

Alternatively, or additionally to having at least one recess 66 in theirperiphery 64, the disks 32 may have an element or projection 70 joinedto the periphery 64 and extending outwardly therefrom to form the“point” of the star configuration. The disks 32 can have any suitablenumber of points. The term “joined to”, as used in this specification,encompasses configurations in which an element is directly secured toanother element by affixing the element directly to the other element;configurations in which the element is indirectly secured to the otherelement by affixing the element to intermediate member(s) which in turnare affixed to the other element; and configurations in which oneelement is integral with another element, i.e., one element isessentially part of the other element. The projection 70 may, thus, beconsidered to comprise part of the periphery 64. The term “joined to”,when considering the various other components of the rotary device andadjustment systems therefor, may also encompass configurations in whichan element is movably secured to another element, as well asconfigurations in which two elements are coupled (e.g., mechanicallycoupled to each other directly, or through one or more other elements).

The projection 70 that forms the star configuration need not terminatein a point, but may terminate in rounded, flat, or other configurations.It should be understood, however, that the rotatable elements 32 neednot have a configuration that resembles a star. The portion of the disks32 that form the recess 66, and/or the element 70 extending outwardlyfrom the periphery 64 forms at least one control or contact surface 72for assisting in controlling at least the location, and if needed, theorientation of the three dimensional article 10 being conveyed. Theelement 70 may also have an opposing side 74 opposite the controlsurface 72. The opposing side 74 of the element 70 may have aconfiguration that extends generally outward from the center 62 of thedisk to facilitate interaction with the rotational adjustment mechanism28 described in greater detail below. The term “generally outward”, asused herein, includes, but is not limited to extensions that lie on theline representing the radius of the disk, and also includes extensionsthat form any suitable angle with the radius of the disk 32.

The control surface 72 is located on or near the periphery 64 of thedisk 32. The control surfaces 72 on the various disks 32 together format least one pocket 60 within which the articles 10 being conveyed maybe held. There can be any suitable number of pockets 60 formed by therotatable elements 32. Suitable numbers of pockets 60 can range from oneor more, up to sixty, or more, pockets, depending on the size of therotatable elements 32 and the size of the articles 10 being conveyed. Atypical range of the number of pockets 60 may be from about 4-15pockets. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, there are 12 pockets.Further details of the control surfaces of suitable disks are describedin U.S. Pat. No. 8,418,836, Papsdorf.

As shown in FIG. 5, the pocket 60 has a width, W, and a depth, D. Itshould be understood, however, that the width W and depth D of thepocket 60 may vary at the different planes defined by the differentdisks 32 from the top to the bottom of the star wheel 22 to accommodatethe configuration of the different portions of the cross-section of thearticles 10 being conveyed.

The disks 32 with the different configurations can be stacked from topto bottom in any suitable order and orientation. Two or more of thedisks 32 with the same configuration may be adjacent to each other inthe stack of disks 32. Alternatively, the disks with the sameconfiguration may be arranged so that they are not adjacent and there isat least one disk of a different configuration therebetween. The disks32 with the same configuration may have the same side of the disk facingupward. Alternatively, depending on the configuration of the disks, oneor more of the disks 32 may be flipped so that a different side of thedisk 32 faces upward.

The disks 32 engage the articles 10 on the side of the articles facinginward (that is, the disks 32 engage the side of the articles that isfacing toward the axis of rotation A). In the embodiment shown, thedisks 32 are arranged to have the control surfaces 72 that describe thewidth W of the bottle pocket (32A, 32B, 32G, and 32H) at the highest andlowest points of the stack of disks to maximize control of the article10 against tipping. In some cases, it may be desirable for the rotatableelements, disks 32 to be positioned to engage the articles at locationsthat are above the bottom 10%, 15%, 20%, or more, of the height of thearticle. The disks 32 having control surfaces 72 that define the depth Dof the pocket (32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F) are placed in the middle.

The star wheel 22 may comprise one or more distinct assemblies or groupsof rotatable elements, such as disks 32. The star wheel 22 shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 comprises two assemblies of rotatable elements 32. In thiscase, the star wheel conveyor 22 comprises an upper assembly 40 ofrotatable elements 32, and a lower assembly 42 of rotatable elements 32.The upper assembly 40 and the lower assembly 42 can each be locatedbetween an upper plate and a lower plate. The upper and lower plates ofthe upper assembly 40 are designated by reference numbers 44A and 44B,respectively (see FIG. 15). The upper and lower plates of the lowerassembly 42 are designated by reference numbers 46A and 46B,respectively. The star wheel 22 may further comprise a base plate 48 tosupport the articles 10 as they are transported. The differentassemblies may be used for any suitable purpose, such as to supportdifferent portions of the articles 10 being conveyed. The two assembliesof disks may, for example, form pockets 60 that fully support thearticle 10 being conveyed at two general elevations. In certain cases,the different assemblies of rotatable elements 32 can also be used aspart of the elevation change mechanism for adjusting the height of therotatable elements 32 to provide more flexibility in accommodating arange of article heights from small to large articles.

The upper assembly 40 of rotatable elements and the lower assembly 42 ofrotatable elements can each comprise any suitable number of rotatableelements 32. Suitable numbers of rotatable elements can comprise one ormore rotatable elements 32 in each assembly. For example, the number ofrotatable elements may range from between two and ten, or more, for eachassembly. The number of rotatable elements 32 in the upper and lowerassemblies 40 and 42 can be the same, or different. It is also possiblefor there to be more than two assemblies of rotatable elements 32—forinstance 3, 4, 5, or more assemblies. In certain versions of the starwheel 22, the rotatable elements 32 in one or more of the assemblies maybe movable with respect to other assemblies in a direction parallel tothe axis, A, about which the rotatable elements 32 rotate (for example,in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 1 so the assemblies can beadjusted in height). Each assembly can be individually adjustable forrelative elevation as needed for best supporting and controllingposition of the articles. In other, less desired embodiments, the starwheel conveyor 22 may only comprise a single assembly of rotatableelements, without any elevation change mechanism for adjusting theheight of the rotatable elements 32.

As shown in FIG. 2, in this particular embodiment, eight disks 32 arearranged in two vertically stacked assemblies or sets of four disks,with disks 32A to 32D forming an upper set of disks, and disks 32E to32H forming a lower set of disks. In this case, each assembly 40 and 42contains four disks: two U-shaped disks and two V-shaped disks. Thisparticular star wheel 22 (when the configuration of the pockets 60 isset and the disks 32 are locked in place to prevent relative rotationalmovement between disks) will be rotating clockwise in order to transportthe bottles 10. It should be understood that in other embodiments, thestar wheel 22 may also, or alternatively, be capable of rotating in thecounterclockwise direction. The overall rotation of the combination ofdisks as a unit to transport articles should not be confused with therotation of the individual disks 32. It should, thus, be understood,that each of the individual disks 32 may be capable of at leastpartially rotating relative to the set in both the clockwise andcounterclockwise directions in order to set the configuration of thepockets 60 to fit the article 10 being conveyed.

FIG. 6 shows the components that comprise the lower assembly 42 of thestar wheel shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This is one of many possibleconfigurations for the lower assembly 42. In this case, the lowerassembly 42 comprises four rotatable disks 32E to 32H, which areseparated by clutch plates 34. The lower assembly 42 also comprises theupper plate 46A and the lower plate 46B. The lower assembly 42 furthercomprises a locking mechanism, which may comprise at least one lockingelement 50. The locking element(s) 50 lock the rotatable disks 32 of thelower assembly 42 in place in order to prevent them from rotating withrespect to each other once their position is set. The components of thelower assembly 42 may be considered to comprise a compression andrelease mechanism or a clutch assembly. The upper assembly 40 maycomprise a similar arrangement of components as the lower assembly 42.

The assemblies of the star wheel 22 can be analogized to sandwiches,within which are rotatable elements (disks) 32 and clutch plates 34.FIG. 7 shows one non-limiting example of a clutch plate 34. As shown inFIG. 7, the clutch plate 34 may have a hole 52 in its center. Theportion of the clutch plate 34 adjacent to the hole 52 may have at leastone key 54 projecting inward toward the central axis of the clutchplate. This key 54 can fit into a longitudinal groove extending alongthe center shaft 36. FIG. 8 shows a clutch plate 34 having analternative key 54 configuration. (In still other embodiments, the shaft36 could have a projection, and the hole in the center of the clutchplate 34 could have one or more recesses in its periphery to mate withthe projections on the shaft 36.) The clutch plates 34 may, thus, bekeyed onto the center shaft 36, so whenever the center shaft 36 rotates,the clutch plates 34 have to rotate. The rotatable elements, disks 32are not keyed, so when the locking mechanism is disengaged the disks 32can be held stationary while the center shaft 36 is rotating so that thedisks 32 will not turn. This allows for rotational adjustment of thedisks 32. The clutch plates 34 are made from a material that allows thedisks 32 to slip past each other when the locking mechanism 50 isdisengaged, but prevents the disks 32 from slipping relative to eachother when the locking mechanism 50 is engaged. As a result, when thelocking mechanism 50 is actuated, the disks 32 will rotate with theclutch plates 34.

FIG. 6 shows one embodiment for alternate stacking of the clutch plates34 and disks 32. The advantage of this alternating arrangement is thatrelative rotation of an individual disk 32 does not disturb the relativerotation of the adjacent disk 32 above or below. The alternating clutchplates 34 are non-rotatable relative to each other. This preventsrelative rotational motion of a single disk from influencing therelative rotation of other disks 32 above or below. This makes is itpossible to independently adjust relative rotation of an individual disk32.

The locking mechanism 50 can comprise any suitable mechanism forpreventing the disks 32 from slipping relative to each other when thestar wheel is transporting articles. The locking mechanism 50 can be ofa type that applies a compressive force perpendicular to the stack ofdisks 32 and clutch plates 34. Any suitable mechanism can be used toapply force perpendicular to the stack. The compressive force generatesfriction which prevents the disks 32 from rotating relative to eachother (or the drive shaft). The locking mechanism 50 can be positionedin one of the following locations: on top of the stack of disks; withinthe stack of disks; or, beneath the stack of disks. In this case, thelocking element(s) 50 comprise at least one air cylinder, such as thepancake air cylinders shown. In the embodiment shown, the lockingelement(s) 50 are positioned between the upper plate 44A and theuppermost disk 32A. More specifically, two or more (e.g., six) pancakeair cylinders are located between these two plates. In addition tocreating axial compressive force for locking with air cylinders, forcecan alternatively be generated with springs, hydraulic cylinders, airbags, magnets, electro-magnets, etc.

It is possible to engage and disengage locking of the disks 32 relativeto the center shaft 36 by varying the embodiment shown in FIG. 6. It ispossible to vary the number and position of clutch plates 34. Forinstance only 1, 2, 3, 4, or more clutch plates 34 can be employed.Clutch plates 34 can be eliminated and the lower plate 44 B or upperplate 44A alone could be used to provide the necessary driving frictionto couple the disks 32 with the center shaft 36. In another alternativeembodiment, locking between the disks 32 and the center shaft 36 can beachieved by radial displacement of friction of interlocking elementsinstead of by axial clamping perpendicular to the stack of disks 32.

The adjustable star wheel 22 can be adjusted in any suitable manner toaccommodate articles, such as bottles 10, with different shapes. In theembodiment shown, the width W of the star wheel pocket 60 can beadjusted by rotating disks 32A, 32B, 32G, and 32H. To accommodate awider article, such as bottle 10, disks 32A and 32B are rotated inopposite directions so that their control surfaces 72 move away fromeach other. The depth D of the star wheel pocket 60 is adjusted byrotating disks 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F. To accommodate a deeper bottle,disks 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F are rotated so that the angled portions ofthe disks move away from each other to create a deeper pocket. Often,the cross sectional shape of a bottle will change with elevation. Forinstance, as shown in FIG. 2, the bottle 10 might have a wider base andsmaller top. In this case, the upper and lower sets of disks can beadjusted independently to create a large pocket for the bottom and asmaller pocket for the top. Bottles can also be asymmetric about thevertical central plane. In this case, the disks 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32Fwith larger angled contact surfaces can be adjusted to varying depths tocreate an asymmetric pocket 60. Thus, adjusting the relative rotation ofall eight disks 32 creates a fully amorphous star wheel pocket 60 thatwill adjust to virtually any article shape that fully supports thearticle 10 at two elevations.

In the star wheel 22 described herein, the boundaries of the pockets 60may be configured solely by at least partially rotating at least some ofthe disks 32 to adjust the angular displacement or location of thecontrol surfaces 72 on the different disks. The control surfaces form apocket 60 that is configured to generally follow the contour of thethree dimensional article being conveyed. The position of the disks 32is then fixed before rotating the star wheel conveyor 22 to transportthe articles 10. All of the adjustments to set the width W and depth Dof the pockets 60 are made by rotational movement around the centralaxis, A. The star wheel conveyor 22 may, therefore, be free of elementsthat are radially movable inwardly and outwardly (toward and away fromthe central axis) to form the boundaries of the pocket. The star wheelconveyor 22 may also be free of grippers or elements that have apivoting axis that pivot about a point that is at a location other thanthe axis of rotation of the star wheel or that of the rotatable elements32. The adjustable star wheel conveyor 22, thus, has relatively fewmoving parts, and the adjustment of the width and depth of the pocketscan be controlled by a single mechanism.

The upper and lower plates 44A, 44B, 46A, and 46B of the respectiveupper and lower assemblies 40 and 42 may have a diameter that is lessthan or equal to the portions of the disks 32 without the projections70. The base plate 48, if present, will typically have a larger diameterthan the disks 32. In this embodiment, the upper and lower plates andbase plate 48 all rotate with the star wheel assembly when the pocketsize is fixed. However, it should be understood that the rotating thebase plate 48 is optional, and in other embodiments, the rotatable baseplate 48 could be replaced by a flat stationary plate that may, forexample, be larger than the remaining portions of the star wheel, andthe articles 10 may slide on such a stationary base plate. Providing arotating base plate 48 may, however, eliminate this sliding and anyaccompanying scuffing of the bottom of the articles 10.

The disks 32 and the plates (the clutch plates 34, the upper and lowerplates, and the base plate 48) can be made of any suitable materials, orcombinations of materials. Suitable materials include, but are notlimited to metals and plastics, such as: stainless steel; aluminum(e.g., anodized aluminum); acetal resin (such as DuPont's DELRIN® acetalresin); polycarbonate; and fiber reinforced polymer (such as a carbonfiber epoxy laminate). The disks 32 and the clutch plates 34 may be madeof the same materials, or they may be made from different materials. Insome cases, for example, the disks 32 can be made of stainless steel andthe clutch plates 34 can be made of DELRIN® acetal resin. The disks 32and the plates can be machined in the desired configuration, and thenassembled together along with the other components of the star wheelconveyor 22 by any suitable known manufacturing methods.

At least one of the rotatable elements, such as disks 32 may rotate atleast part of a revolution in a clockwise direction, a counterclockwisedirection, or in both directions. The fact that the disks 32 may rotatein both directions allows the disks to rotate at least slightly to bringthe contact or control surfaces 72 in contact with, or in closeproximity to, the article being conveyed. The disks 32 may, but neednot, be able to rotate 360 degrees in both clockwise andcounterclockwise directions. The disks 32 may, for example, rotate lessthan 360 degrees in the clockwise direction to bring the controlsurfaces 72 in contact with the article being conveyed. It should beunderstood that even though the term “contact” may be used in thisspecification, often one or more of the disks 32 may not actuallycontact the article 10. In such cases, the disks 32 may merely be“brought into proximity with” the articles 10. It also may be desirablefor some processes to provide a generous clearance between the articles10 and the control surfaces 72. The disks 32 may then rotatecounterclockwise once the position of the article has been fixed in thestar wheel conveyor, in order to convey the article. Alternatively, thedisks 32 may rotate less than 360 degrees in the counterclockwisedirection to bring the control surfaces 72 in contact with the articlebeing conveyed. The disks may then rotate clockwise once the position ofthe article has been fixed in the star wheel conveyor, in order toconvey the article.

The mechanism for rotating the rotatable elements may comprise at leastone motor 26 joined to (that is, operatively connected to) a drive shaft36 to turn one or more of the rotatable elements, such as disks 32. Themotor 26 can comprise any suitable type of motor. Suitable types ofmotors include, but are not limited to: gear motors, servo motors,stepper motors, DC motors, hydraulic motors, and air motors. The term“gear motors”, as used herein, refers to motors having a gear box. Incertain cases, the motor may comprise a servo motor. The motor 26 may bein any suitable location. In the embodiment shown, the motor 26 islocated beneath the stack of disks 32. The motor 26 can also be coupledto the drive shaft 36 by another power transmission means includingdrive belts, timing belts, a chain, gears, couplings, universal joints,magnetic couplings, etc. Alternatively, the motor can be coupleddirectly to any of the rotating components of the adjustable star wheel22 including but not limited to upper plate 44, lower plate 46, baseplate 48, clutch plates 34, rotatable element 32, etc. In some of thesealternative arrangements, it is possible to eliminate the drive shaft 36entirely and still drive the star wheel assembly 22.

Two different types of adjustment systems are provided for adjusting therotary device, such as an adjustable star wheel, to accommodatedifferent size and/or shape articles. These comprise a rotationaladjustment system and an elevation adjustment system. The adjustmentsystems can be used independently in which case only one of theadjustment systems is used with a rotary device. Alternatively, they canbe used together in order to adjust different aspects of the rotarydevice.

The Rotational Adjustment System

The system including the rotary device, such as the star wheel conveyorsystem 20, may comprise a rotational adjustment system. In the case of astar wheel 22, the rotational adjustment system is used for at leastassisting in adjusting the configuration of the pockets 60 of the starwheel 22 to accommodate different size and/or shape articles. Arotational adjustment system is an alternative to those cases in whichthe star wheel 22 has one or more individual motors (or additionalmotors other than the drive motor) that are used to adjust therotational position of the rotatable elements 32.

The rotational adjustment system may comprise a rotational adjustmentmechanism 28. If the rotational adjustment mechanism 28 is the onlyadjustment mechanism present (or if it serves dual or more purposes asdescribed in greater detail below), it may be referred to simply as the“adjustment mechanism” 28. The rotational adjustment mechanism 28 mayadjust, or assist in adjusting (that is, it may cooperate with othercomponents of the star wheel system 20 in adjusting) the configurationof the pockets 60 of the star wheel 22 to accommodate different sizeand/or shape articles. The phrase “at least assist in” is intended toinclude both adjusting and assisting in adjusting the configuration ofthe pockets.

The rotational adjustment mechanism 28 may be in operationalcommunication with the rotatable elements 32. The term “operationalcommunication”, as used herein, refers to any type of relationshipbetween the rotatable elements 32 and the rotational adjustmentmechanism 28 that permits the rotational adjustment mechanism 28 to atleast assist in setting the rotational position of one or more of therotatable elements 32. The rotational adjustment mechanism 28 may act onthe rotatable elements 32 in any suitable manner including, but notlimited to: by contacting a rotatable element; by applying a frictionalforce or torque to the rotatable elements 32; by applying force ortorque to a rotatable element without contacting the rotatable element(such as by air jets, electric field, or magnetic attraction orrepulsion); or by any other suitable mechanism. The rotationaladjustment mechanism 28 may, thus, be a mechanical mechanism.

The rotational adjustment mechanism 28 can be any suitable type ofdevice having any suitable configuration. The rotational adjustmentmechanism 28 may comprise at least one adjustment element designatedgenerally by reference number 80 in FIG. 1. There can be any suitablenumber of adjustment elements 80, including as shown in FIG. 13, up toone or more adjustment elements 80 for each rotatable element 32. In theembodiment in FIG. 1, as shown in greater detail in FIG. 9, there aretwo adjustment elements 80A and 80B which may be located in one or moreoptional housings 84. In this case, the upper adjustment element 80Areaches over the guide rail 24C to adjust the rotatable elements 32 inthe upper assembly 40. The lower adjustment element 80B reaches underthe guide rail 24C to adjust the rotatable elements 32 in the lowerassembly 42. The adjustment elements 80A and 80B may be movable toengage one or more of the rotatable elements 32 in order to at leastassist in adjusting the rotational position of the individual rotatableelements 32 to set the dimensions of pockets 60 for the articles to beconveyed.

The adjustment mechanism 28 may further comprise an optional support 82wherein at least one adjustment element 80 is joined to the support 82.The support 82 provides a structure to hold the adjustment element 80 atthe desired level relative to the rotatable elements 32. The adjustmentelement(s) 80 may be at fixed levels relative to the rotatable elements32, and need not be provided with the ability to move with respect tothe support 82. In other embodiments, the adjustment element(s) 80 maybe movably joined to the support 82. In the later cases, the support 82may provide a structure along which the adjustment element(s) 80 canmove parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotary device (for example,vertically up and down) in order to bring the adjustment element(s) 80to the desired level adjacent to the rotatable elements 32. The support82 may be joined to a rigid stationary (non-moving) structure such asthe machine frame or to the ground. Alternatively, the support 82 couldbe attached to a structure that is movable relative to the ground whichmoves independently of the rotation of the adjustable star wheel 22. Ineither case, any rotation of the star wheel 22 will result in relativemotion between the star wheel 22 and support 82. Likewise, any rotationof the rotatable elements 32 will result in relative motion between therotatable elements 32 and adjustment element 80 joined to the support82.

The support 82 can have any suitable configuration. In some cases (asshown in FIG. 11), the support 82 may be in the form of a component suchas a post or mast that is separate from other components of the starwheel system 20. In other cases, such as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and asdescribed in greater detail below, the rotational adjustment mechanism28 may utilize another component of the star wheel system 20 to providethe function of the support.

The rotational adjustment mechanism 28 can be positioned at any suitablelocation relative to the star wheel 22. In some cases, such as shown inFIG. 10, the support 82 can be at least partially located inside theperipheries 64 of the rotatable elements 32 of the star wheel. Forexample, the support 82 can be located in the middle of the star wheel22. In order to accommodate the support 82, the center shaft 36 of thestar wheel 22 may be made hollow, and the support 82 may project upwardfrom the center of the star wheel 22, and at least a portion of thesupport 82 and/or the adjustment element 80 may extend outward to reachthe rotatable elements 32. Such an embodiment may be useful if there isinsufficient space around the star wheel to locate the rotationaladjustment mechanism 28 outside of the star wheel.

In other cases, at least a portion of the support 82 may be disposedradially outside or outward of at least portions of, or all of, theperipheries 64 of the rotatable elements 32. Such a rotationaladjustment mechanism 28 may be thought of as being in the form of anexternal arm. The term “radially”, as used herein, refers to directionsthat extend toward or away from the axis A. The term “radially inward”refers to a direction toward the axis A. The term “radially outward”refers to a direction away from axis A. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1and 2, the support 82 may be located at a position that lies entirelyoutside (radially outward) of the peripheries 64 of the rotatableelements 32. The location of the support 82 and the adjustmentelement(s) 80 should be such that the rotatable elements 32 are free torotate in order to convey the articles. Thus, these components (at leastafter the adjustment element(s) 80 retract, as described in greaterdetail herein), should be located outside of the area that is both atthe same vertical elevation as the rotatable elements 32 and is withinthe peripheries 64 of the rotatable elements 32 and any space in theplane of the rotatable elements that is occupied by the articles 10being conveyed, as well as any vertical space above or below theaforementioned area that is occupied by the articles 10.

The location of the support 82 often also needs to take into account thepresence of the guide rail system 24. The guide rail system 24 istypically positioned along a portion of the periphery of the star wheel22. The guide rail system 24 provides the adjustable star wheel conveyor22 with a component to counter the centrifugal force that tends to makethe articles 10 move out of the pockets 60 in the radially outwarddirection when the star wheel 22 rotates. Other types of componentssuitable for this purpose include, but are not limited to vacuum cups,and belts.

In some embodiments, the support 82 may be positioned along a portion ofthe periphery of the star wheel 22 that is on the opposite side of thestar wheel 22 from the guide rail 24. For example, in some embodiments,the support 82 could be positioned at a location such as at the positiondesignated by “X” in FIG. 1.

In other embodiments, the support 82 can be positioned far enoughoutward from the center of the star wheel 22 that at least a portion ofthe support 82 is positioned radially outward behind the guide railsystem 24. This location of the support 82 has the advantage that theadjustment mechanism 28 can be positioned in nearly any location aroundthe periphery of the star wheel without interfering with the guide railsystem 24.

In still other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, the rotationaladjustment mechanism 28 can be adjacent to the guide rail 24, or it caneven be located on a portion of the guide rail system 24. If anadjustable guide rail 24 is used, it can be of any suitable type, and inany suitable configuration. The particular configuration of the guiderail 24 is not critical. FIGS. 1 and 9 show one non-limiting example ofan adjustable guide rail system 24 to use with the star wheel 22. Theguide rail shown in FIGS. 1 and 9 is of the type described in U.S. Pat.No. 8,499,921, Orndorff. Other suitable guide rails are described inU.S. Pat. No. 8,418,836, Papsdorf.

FIGS. 1 and 9 show an embodiment in which the adjustment elements 80Aand 80B are mounted on a portion of the adjustable guide rail system 24.As shown in FIG. 9, in this particular embodiment, the adjustable guiderail system 24 comprises: a back guide plate 24A, a plurality of guideelements 24B that together comprise the guide rail 24C, and at least oneguide rail support 24D that allows the guide rail 24C to be raised andlowered to accommodate articles of differing heights. As shown in FIG.1, there are two guide rail supports 24D for evenly raising and loweringthe back guide plate 24A and the guide rail 24C.

In the embodiment shown, the adjustment elements 80A and 80B are mountedon the back guide plate 24A of the adjustable guide rail system 24. Theraising and lowering of the adjustable guide rail system 24, thus, alsoprovides vertical adjustment for the rotational adjustment mechanism 28.In effect, the guide rail supports 24D also serve as the support 82 forthe rotational adjustment mechanism 28. The guide rail supports 24D maycomprise any suitable mechanism for raising and lowering the guide rail24C. In one embodiment, the guide rail supports 24D are each providedwith a mechanism in the form of a combination of a ball screw linearslide and motor 24E for raising and lowering the guide rail 24C.

The adjustment element(s) 80 may be movable so that they may bepositioned to at least temporarily engage one or more of the rotatableelements, disks 32. The adjustment element(s) 80 may temporarily engagea rotatable element, or elements, in order to at least assist inadjusting the rotational position of the rotatable element(s) 32 and setat least part of the configuration of a pocket 60 for the articles 10 tobe conveyed.

The adjustment element(s) 80 can engage any suitable portion of therotatable elements 32 such as an adjustment zone on the rotatableelement 32. The adjustment zone may include any suitable portion of therotatable element 32 including, but not limited to: the side edge of therotatable element; any existing protrusion 70 used to form a pocket foran article; a notch (not shown) that may be specifically put into (theside, top, or bottom of) the rotatable elements 32 for this purpose; ormagnets joined to (for example, embedded in) the rotatable element. Inthe embodiment shown, the adjustment element(s) 80 contact a portion ofthe periphery 64 of the rotatable elements 32, such as the side edge ofthe rotatable elements, disks 32. This may comprise any of the followingportions of the disks 32: the control surface 72, opposing side 74, oranother suitable portion, on the side edge of the disks 32. In additionto the adjustment element 80 engaging the outer periphery of therotatable element 32, it is also possible to configure the adjustmentelement 80 to engage an interior surface or feature of the rotatableelement 32 in the proximity of the hole in the center of the disk 68.

The adjustment element(s) 80 can comprise any suitable type of elementhaving any suitable configuration. In the embodiment shown, theadjustment element 80 is in the configuration of a finger. The fingermay be in any suitable configuration, including but not limited to asubstantially straight configuration as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or abent configuration as shown in FIG. 11. The bent configuration providesthe advantage that the adjustment mechanism 28 may be located radiallyoutside the guide rail 24C, and the adjustment element 80 may reach overthe guide rail 24C to contact the rotatable elements 32. The adjustmentelement 80 may be sized and configured to contact only a singlerotatable element 32 at a given time. In other cases, the adjustmentelement 80 may be sized and configured to contact two or more rotatableelements 32 at a given time. In still other cases, as shown in FIG. 13,the adjustment mechanism 28 may comprise multiple adjustment elements80, wherein each adjustment element 80 may be vertically positioned toengage a corresponding rotatable element 32 in the stack of rotatableelements.

The adjustment element(s) 80 may be movable relative to the support 82.The adjustment element(s) 80 may be in communication (e.g., mechanicaland/or electrical communication) with a motive power source, such as amotor that provides power to move the adjustment element(s) 80 relativeto the support 82. The adjustment element(s) 80 may be movably joined tothe support 82 in any suitable manner. In the embodiment shown, theadjustment element(s) 80 are each joined to an air cylinder that canextend horizontally and retract. The air cylinder is of a conventionaltype and is not shown. In addition, the guide rail supports 24D withservo driven ball screw linear slides allow the adjustment element(s) 80to travel vertically. As a result, the adjustment element(s) 80 can beprecisely aligned with each rotatable element 32 for adjustment of thesame to allow the star wheel 22 to be changed over to a newconfiguration.

The adjustment element(s) 80 may, depending on the location of therotational adjustment mechanism 28 relative to the star wheel 22, movein at least one of the following directions to engage at least one ofthe rotatable elements 32: upwardly, downwardly, inwardly, outwardly,laterally, or they may revolve relative to the axis A to engage at leastone of the rotatable elements 32. The adjustment element(s) 80 may moveinwardly and/or outwardly in the direction of the radius of therotatable elements 32. It should be appreciated, however, that if therotational adjustment mechanism 28 is located outside of the rotatableelements 32, when the adjustment element 80 moves radially inwardlytoward the rotatable elements 32, from the point of reference of therotational adjustment mechanism 28, the adjustment element 80 will bemoving outward, or away from, the support 82. It should also beunderstood that the movement of the adjustment element(s) 80 is notlimited to a direction that is exactly inwardly and/or outwardly in thedirection of the radius of the rotatable elements 32. The adjustmentelement(s) 80 may move in a direction that is generally inwardly and/orgenerally outwardly relative to the axis A of the rotatable elements 32.Such movement can serve the purpose of adjusting the rotational positionof the rotatable elements 32, even if the direction of movement is at anangle relative to the radius of the rotatable elements 32. In addition,the motion of the adjustment element(s) 80 may be any suitable type ofmotion. Suitable types of motion include, but are not limited to:translation (as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 9); pivoting (asshown in FIGS. 12 and 12A); movement such as that in which theadjustment element 80 moves upward and/or downward in the recess 66between the protrusions 70 of the rotatable element 32; revolution aboutaxis A; and any other type of motion that can be used to adjust therotational position of a rotatable element 32.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, the adjustment element(s) 80move inwardly toward the rotatable elements to engage, or to be engagedby, the rotatable elements 32. Once the position of a rotatable element32 is set, the adjustment element 80 retracts so that it is moved out ofthe way, and the rotatable elements 32 may rotate. Of course, as notedabove, in alternative embodiments, the adjustment element(s) 80 can beconfigured so that moving the adjustment element(s) 80 outwardly and/orup or down may engage the adjustment element(s) 80 with the rotatableelement(s) 32.

The rotational adjustment mechanism 28 can cooperate with the rotarydevice, such as the star wheel 22, to set the relative rotationalposition between the rotatable elements 32. In the embodiment shown, thesupport 82 is stationary, and the adjustment element(s) 80 are movableinwardly to engage the rotatable elements 32. The adjustment element(s)80 may also be vertically movable along the support 82. To adjust therelative rotational position of an individual rotatable element 32relative the other rotatable elements 32 and adjustable star wheel 22,the vertical elevation of the adjustment element 80 is adjusted tocorrespond with the vertical elevation of the rotatable element 32 to beadjusted. The adjustment element 80 is extended inwardly to engage therotatable element 32. The adjustment element 80 may remain stationaryrelative to the rotation of shaft 36 and (the rotatable elements 32 ofthe) adjustable star wheel 22. With the locking mechanism 50 off, theshaft 36 and adjustable star wheel 22 are rotated by the motor 26. Therotatable element 32 to be adjusted that is engaged with adjustmentelement 80 does not rotate with the other elements of the star wheel 22including the shaft 36, clutch plates 34, and the remainder of rotatableelements 32. This results in an adjustment of relative angulardisplacement of the individual rotatable element 32 being adjusted andthe remainder of the rotatable elements 32. The relative motion betweenrotatable elements 32 is used to adjust the pockets 60. Engaging thelocking mechanism 50 after adjustments prevents additional relativemotion between the rotatable elements 32. Moving the adjustmentelement(s) 80 radially outward disengages the adjustable element 80 androtatable element 32. This method can be repeated for each rotatableelement 32 as needed to achieve the desired pocket geometry 60 toaccommodate article 10.

The rotational adjustment system may, thus, comprise the rotationaladjustment mechanism 28 and components of the rotary device thatcooperate with the rotational adjustment mechanism 28 to set therotational position of the rotatable element(s) 32. These components mayinclude, but are not limited to the drive motor 26, the drive shaft 36,and the locking mechanism 50.

Numerous variations of the rotational adjustment system are possible. Inother embodiments, rather than having an adjustment element 80 thatremains stationary when in contact with the rotatable element 32 whilethe rotatable element 32 is rotated, the adjustment mechanism 28 can beconfigured so that it comprises a component that is movable relative tothe rotary device, such as star wheel 22. For instance, the adjustmentelement 80 may be on a support that is configured to revolve aroundleast a portion of the periphery of the star wheel 22 with relativemotion in order to rotate the rotatable elements 32 to the desiredposition to form pockets 60 for the articles to be conveyed.

In another variation, the adjustment mechanism 28 may be movablerelative to the rotatable element 32 to rotate the rotatable element 32,and the rotatable element (or stack of rotatable elements) can berotated so that both are movable. In such a case, the adjustment element80 and the rotatable element 32 may both move to contact (or otherwiseengage) each other to set the position of a rotatable element 32. Forexample, the rotational adjustment mechanism 28 can revolve at leastpartially around the rotatable elements 32, and the rotatable element(s)32 can rotate. When setting the position of the rotatable elements 32,the adjustment mechanism 28 may revolve in the same direction (that is,clockwise or counter-clockwise) as the rotation of the rotatableelement(s) 32, or in the opposite direction. The rotational adjustmentmechanism 28 may move at the same speed as the rotatable element(s) 32,or at a different speed.

The procedure for adjusting the configuration of the pockets 60 of thestar wheel 22 using the rotational adjustment mechanism 28 shown inFIGS. 1 and 9 is as follows.

The first steps in order to set the boundaries of the pockets 60 are todetermine the actual position of each rotatable element 32, and thedesired rotational position of each rotatable element 32. It may,therefore, be desirable to sense or measure the relative position of therotatable elements 32 prior to adjustment. The adjustment can then bebased on the relative angle between rotatable elements 32 and theincremental adjustment needed to achieve the desired final rotationalposition for each rotatable element 32. Alternatively, all of therotatable elements 32 may initially be moved to a “home” or startingposition. Then absolute adjustments can be made to move the rotatableelements 32 to the desired positions.

Once the desired positions of the rotatable elements 32 are selected,and it is time to adjust the positions of the same, the lockingmechanism 50 should initially be engaged to prevent relative motionbetween the rotatable elements 32. The adjustment element 80, if notalready at the elevation of a first rotatable element 32, is brought tothe elevation of a first rotatable element 32, such as first rotatableelement 32A. In the embodiment shown, the adjustment element 80 isbrought to the desired elevation by adjusting the elevation of the guiderail system 24.

The first rotatable element 32A is rotated to the angular position thatwill allow engagement with adjustment element 80A by rotating thecomponents of the star wheel 22 with drive motor 26. The adjustmentelement 80A is then extended so that the adjustment element 80A engageswith first rotatable element 32A. In the embodiment shown, theadjustment element 80A engages one of the control surfaces (for example,one of the straight edges) 72 of the first rotatable element 32A. Withthe first rotatable element 32A engaged with the adjustment element 80A,the first rotatable element 32A is prevented from rotation about axis Ain either or both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The lockingmechanism 50 is next disengaged to allow relative motion between therotatable elements 32. The drive motor 26 for the star wheel 22 isactivated so that the entire assembly of rotatable elements 32 isrotated about the shaft 36 except for the first rotatable element 32Aengaged by adjustment element 80A. The star wheel 22 is rotated to arotational position that achieves the desired angular displacement offirst rotatable element 32A relative to the other rotatable elements 32to achieve desired pocket 60. The locking mechanism 50 is next engagedto prevent relative motion between the rotatable elements 32. Theadjustment element 80A is then retracted.

The adjustment element 80A is then raised (or lowered) to the level of asecond rotatable element 32, such as second rotatable element 32B. Thesecond rotatable element 32 is rotated to the angular position that willallow engagement with adjustment element 80 by rotating the star wheel22 with drive motor 26. The upper adjustment element 80A is extended toengage with second rotatable element 32B. The locking mechanism 50 isnext disengaged to allow relative motion between the rotatable elements32. The drive motor 26 for the star wheel 22 is activated so that theentire assembly of rotatable elements 32 is rotated about the shaft 36except for the second rotatable element 32B engaged by adjustmentelement 80A. The star wheel 22 is rotated to a rotational position thatachieves the desired angular displacement of second rotatable element32B relative to the other rotatable elements 32 to achieve desiredpocket 60. The locking mechanism 50 is next engaged to prevent relativemotion between the rotatable elements 32. The adjustment element 80A isthen retracted.

The rotation of the rotatable elements 32 of the star wheel 22 that arenot engaged by adjustment element 80A while adjusting the secondrotatable element 32B also includes rotating the first rotatable element32A, whose rotational position was previously set. In this case,friction between the first rotatable element 32A and adjacent clutchplate 34 directly under the first rotatable element 32A prevents thefirst rotatable element 32A from rotating relative to the star wheel 22when the locking mechanism 50 is disengaged. It may be desirable toselect materials for the clutch plate 34 that have medium to highcoefficients of friction at the interface between the clutch plate 34and first rotatable element 32A to prevent unwanted relative motion dueto vibration. A coefficient of friction greater than 0.1 is recommended.It also may be beneficial to increase the normal force between theclutch plate 34 and first rotatable element 32A (as well as between theother rotatable elements and clutch plates) and corresponding frictionaltorque by employing springs, magnets, air bladders, etc.

The adjustment element 80 can engage with the rotatable element 32 to beadjusted in a number of ways. The adjustment element 80 can be aprojection that plugs into a corresponding pocket on the rotatableelement 32. Once the adjustment element 80 projection is engaged withthe mating pocket on the rotatable element 32, the rotatable element 32is prevented from rotation in either the clockwise or counterclockwisedirection by the adjustment element 80. Alternatively, the end of theadjustment element 80 can incorporate a pocket that mates to acorresponding projection on the rotatable element 32. Once theadjustment element 80 pocket is engaged with the mating projection onthe rotatable element 32, the rotatable element 32 is prevented fromrotation in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction by theadjustment element 80. Alternatively the adjustment element 80 can be aprojection that contacts a single surface of the rotatable element 32such as control surface 72 or side of element 74. In this embodiment,once the adjustment element 80 pocket is engaged with the mating controlsurface 72 on the rotatable element 32, the rotatable element 32 isprevented from rotation in only one direction (clockwise orcounterclockwise direction) by the adjustment element 80. This isdesirable because it is possible to extend the adjustment element 80 outanywhere within the recess 66 in the rotatable element 32 withoutprecise rotational alignment to the control surface 72. As the starwheel 22 is rotated to initiate adjustment, the rotatable element 32will rotate with the star wheel 22 until the control surface 22 makescontact with the adjustment element 80. As the star wheel 22 continuesto rotate in the previous direction, the adjustment element in contactwith the control surface 72 will prevent further rotation of rotatableelement 32 which will result in angular adjustment relative to the starwheel 22.

The rotational positions of the rotatable elements 32 are, thus, set bythe adjustment element(s) 80. However, once the rotational position of arotatable element 32 has been set (such as the first rotatable element32A) there is no need for the adjusted rotatable element to remain withtheir control surface 72 aligned with the adjustment element 80. This isbecause the rotational positions of the remaining rotatable elements 32are set relative to the rotational position of the prior rotatableelements 32 that have been previously adjusted. For example, adjustmentelement 80A engages the control surface 72A of the first rotatableelement 32A and sets the rotational position of the first rotatableelement 32A at a rotational position relative to the star wheel 22 andthe remainder of the rotatable elements 32. Next the rotatable elements32 of the star wheel 22 are rotated as a unit until the control surface72B of the second rotatable element 32B engages the adjustment element80A and the second rotatable element 32B is adjusted relative to thestar wheel 22 and the remainder of the rotatable elements 32. While thesecond rotatable element 32B is being adjusted, the control surface 72Aof the first rotatable element 32A rotates with the star wheel 22relative to adjustment element 80A.

The main drive motor 26 for rotating the star wheel, thus, is alsopartially responsible for adjusting relative angles of the star wheelplates, and comprises a part of the overall rotational adjustmentsystem. The term “relative angle”, as used herein, is the angle formedbetween a line extending along the radius of one rotatable element 32through a given point on that rotatable element (such as the locationwhere the adjustment element engages the rotatable element) and asimilar line drawn on another rotatable element. The relative anglebetween rotatable elements 32 is adjusted to accommodate a differentarticle when the drive motor 26 applies torque to a selected rotatableelement or elements to cause relative motion and displacement betweenthe rotatable elements 32. The adjustment element 80 prevents rotationof a selected rotatable element 32 while the drive motor 26 appliestorque to remaining rotatable elements resulting in relative motion anddisplacement between the selected rotatable element 32 and the remainingunit of rotatable elements. The sequence is repeated until all eightrotatable elements 32 have been moved as necessary and the new pocket 60configuration has been formed.

In the procedure set out above, the first rotatable element 32 selectedmay be any suitable disk, and need not be the first rotatable element32A. For example, one or more of the disks, such as disk 32H, may befixed to the shaft 36 so that setting its rotational position is notrequired. In such a case, the rotational position of the other disks 32may be set relative to the position of eighth disk 32H. Of course, inother embodiments, the adjustment element(s) 80 can engage the disks 32in any desired sequence, or simultaneously. For example, two or moreadjustment elements 80 may be extended so that one adjustment element(such as the upper adjustment element 80A) contacts one disk 32, andanother adjustment element (such as the lower adjustment element 80B)contacts another disk 32 to set the position of disks in the upper andlower assemblies 40 and 42 at the same time. Of course, the rotationalpositions may be different for the disks in the upper and lowerassemblies 40 and 42.

The disks 32 in one, or both, of the assemblies 40 and 42 are thenlocked into their final position. Any suitable mechanism can be used tolock the disks into their final position. The locking mechanism 50 may,for example, apply force on the stack of rotatable elements 32, such asin a direction perpendicular to the surfaces of the rotatable elements32. In the embodiment shown, air cylinders are used. More specifically,two or more pancake air cylinders 50 are located between the upperplates 44A and 46A and the stack of rotatable elements in each of theassemblies 40 and 42. In this case, an optional rotary union 96 used toprovide a connection for hoses for supplying air to the air cylinders 50may be joined to the shaft 36. When air is supplied to the air cylinders50, the air cylinders expand to lock the disks 32 in position. Onealternative configuration is to maintain axial clamping force betweenrotatable elements 32 and clutch plates 34 using compression springs. Apneumatic or hydraulic actuator is used to overcome the normal forcegenerated by the springs and disengage the locking mechanism 50. Thus,when no external pneumatic or hydraulic force is applied, the lockingmechanism 50 will be in its engaged or locked state which will preventrelative motion in the case of an air leak or lost air pressure. Inaddition to creating axial compressive force for locking with aircylinders, force can alternatively be generated with springs, hydrauliccylinders, air bags, magnets, electro-magnets, etc.

It may optionally be desirable to sense or measure the relative positionof the rotatable elements 32 following the adjustment. This can be usedto confirm that adjustments of the rotatable elements 32 were madewithin a desired tolerance for accuracy. It also is possible to sense ormeasure the relative position of the rotatable elements 32 duringoperation while conveying articles 10 or at any time after theadjustment was made. If the relative position of the rotatable elements32 is sensed or measured real time while conveying articles 10, it canbe possible to detect an undesired relative movement between therotatable elements 32 that might be the result of a jam or equipmentfailure. In this case the conveying equipment can be stopped or theoperator can be alerted. In any of these situations, if the relativepositions of the rotatable elements 32 are not within a desiredtolerance, the operator can be alerted or corrective actions can beautomatically taken by repeating some or all of the adjustmentprocedure.

Once the pockets 60 are formed, and articles 10 are fed into the starwheel 22, the drive motor 26 applies torque and rotates all of the disks32 in unison to transport the articles 10.

The rotational adjustment system described herein may provide a numberof advantages. If there are a number of star wheel conveyors used on amachine, each of which requires that the disks be changed to accommodatedifferent articles, it can take up to twenty minutes or more for anoperator to move around the machine and adjust all the star wheels.Further, on some machines, the star wheels may be situated where theyare difficult to access in order to change their configuration.

The rotational adjustment system may provide advantages over systemsthat utilize separate servo motors that are used to set the position ofeach of the disks. In addition to eliminating the need for multiplemotors with one motor on each disk, this option also eliminates the needfor components to commutate power and control to each of the motors. Forexample, there is no need for a slip ring with this design as the motoris not mounted to the rotating star wheel assembly. The rotationaladjustment system uses the main drive motor 26 that already exists onthe star wheel 22 to help with the changeover or adjustment from onesize and/or shape article to another. Using an existing servo motor is asignificant cost savings and a reduction in complexity. If every starwheel 22 in a given manufacturing or packing line is driven by its ownservo motor, each rotatable element 32 can be independently andprecisely rotated to whatever position is needed.

Elevation Adjustment System

The rotary device can also be provided with an elevation adjustmentsystem to adjust the elevation of (that is, the displacement of) atleast one rotatable element of the rotary device in a direction parallelto the axis about which the rotatable element rotates. The elevationadjustment system can be used for any type of rotatable element on arotary device, such as a filler, capper, labeler, or star wheel conveyorto accommodate different size articles. For example, in the case of astar wheel 22, the elevation adjustment system can be used to adjust thevertical distance between at least two of the rotatable elements 32 inorder to accommodate taller or shorter articles 10.

The elevation adjustment system may comprise an elevation adjustmentmechanism 30 (or “elevation change mechanism”). The elevation adjustmentmechanism 30 can be an optional feature that is also used on a starwheel 22 along with the rotational adjustment mechanism 28 that adjuststhe configuration of the pockets 60. In other cases, the star wheel 22or other rotary device may be only provided with an elevation adjustmentmechanism 30 without providing it with the previously describedrotational adjustment mechanism 28. In the latter cases, a star wheel 22may utilize any known mechanism for adjusting the configuration of thepockets (provided that they are compatible with the elevation adjustmentmechanism, however, often they are not).

In the case of a star wheel 22, the elevation adjustment mechanism 30can be configured to adjust the distance between any two or moreindividual rotatable elements 32, or any two or more groups of rotatableelements 32 in a direction parallel to axis A. The elevation adjustmentmechanism 30 can be configured to move one rotatable element 32 (orgroup of rotatable elements) while the other rotatable elements, orgroups of rotatable elements, remain stationary. In other embodiments,the elevation adjustment mechanism 30 can be configured to adjust thedistance between rotatable elements 32 in the direction of the axis A,by moving both rotatable elements, or groups of rotatable elementsrelative to each other. In the example star wheel 22 shown in FIG. 1,the elevation of the upper assembly 40 is changed by the elevationadjustment mechanism 30 while the lower assembly 42 remains stationary.The upper assembly 40 can be moved any suitable distance. In one case,the upper assembly 40 can move any suitable distance vertically fromgreater than 0 mm up to about 350 mm, or more.

The elevation adjustment mechanism 30 can comprise one or morecomponents. The following types of mechanisms that may comprise at leastone component of the elevation adjustment mechanism 30 include, but arenot limited to: ball screw linear actuators; screw mechanisms; pistonmechanisms, linear drive mechanisms, rack and pinion systems, springsystems, or cable/pulley systems.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the elevation adjustment mechanism 30comprises: a ball screw linear actuator (or simply “ball screw”) 100; amotor, such as a servo motor (or “elevation servo motor”) 102; and ashaft, such as inner shaft 104. The ball screw linear actuator 100 ismechanically coupled to the elevation servo motor 102. In thisembodiment as shown in FIG. 15, the star wheel drive shaft 36 comprisesa hollow (e.g., cylindrical) tube with a large enough diameter that theinner shaft 104 is able to fit inside (in the interior 38) the driveshaft 36. The ball screw 100 is joined to the inner shaft 104.

As shown in FIG. 15, the ball screw 100 is joined to the lower end ofthe inner shaft 104 through an optional rotary union section piece 106that contains the rotary union 96. The rotary union section piece 106comprises two spaced apart horizontal plates that are joined by verticalrods. A rotatable connecting element 108 is positioned between therotary union 96 and the upper horizontal plate. The rotatable connectingelement 108 is rotatable, but the rotary union 96 is not. Air hoses canbe connected to the rotary union 96 to supply air from the rotary unionto the pancake air cylinders 50. The upper end of the inner shaft 104 isjoined to the upper assembly 40. The inner shaft 104 can be joined tothe drive shaft 36, so that when the final position of all the rotatableelements 32 is set, and it is desired to rotate the star wheel 22 toconvey the articles, the upper assembly 40 will also rotate.

Although many different arrangements for the components of the elevationadjustment system are possible, in this case, the main drive motor 26and gear box for the star wheel 22 may be offset laterally from the axisA of the drive shaft 36. The main drive motor 26 may have an outputshaft 98 that is parallel to the drive shaft 36. The output shaft 98 ofthe main drive motor 26 may be coupled to the drive shaft 36 by anysuitable linking device, such as by a belt 110. One example of analternative to the belt is a gear system such as the roller pinion gearsystem 112 shown in FIG. 16. Such a roller pinion gear system isavailable from Nexen Group, Inc. of Vadnais Heights, Minn., U.S.A. Inthis case, the drive shaft 36 will pass through the hole 116 in thecenter of the roller gear 114 and the roller gear 114 is joined to thedrive shaft 36. The pinion gear 118 is joined to the shaft 98 of themain drive motor 26. Regardless of whether a belt or gear system isused, the offset arrangement allows the elevation servo motor 102 andthe inner shaft 104 to be in alignment with each other, and in alignmentwith the axis A about which the rotatable elements 32 rotate.

In other embodiments, the main drive motor 26 need not be offsetrelative to the axis A about which the rotatable elements rotate. Insuch other embodiments, the main drive motor 26 may be in alignment withthe axis A about which the rotatable elements 32 rotate, and theelevation servo motor 102 may be laterally offset relative to the axis Aabout which the rotatable elements 32 rotate. In still otherembodiments, rather than having the elevation adjustment made by aninner shaft the elevation mechanism can be actuated by an outerconcentric tube. For example, the rotary device can use a direct driveshaft located inside the outer concentric tube that has one end portionthat is directly coupled to the drive motor 26 at the bottom and anotherend portion that is joined to the top of the star wheel.

The elevation adjustment system can operate as follows. If it is desiredto make an elevation adjustment, a signal may be sent by a computer tothe elevation servo motor 102. The signal tells the motor 102 to startwhich turns the ball screw 100. The linear motion of the ball screw 100pushes the rotary union section piece 106 up or down, which causes theinner shaft 104 to slide up or down inside the shaft 36. This raises orlowers the upper assembly 40. In this embodiment, the drive shaft 36only rotates, and does not move up and down. The ball screw 100 and therotary union section piece 106 will not rotate when the shaft 36rotates. The upper assembly 40 will, however, rotate as a unit with thelower assembly 42 when the drive shaft 36 rotates. When the desiredelevation of the upper assembly 40 is reached, the elevation servo motor102 can be shut off. This locks the elevation of the upper assembly 40.Since the ball screw 100 will typically not reverse, or “back drive”, noseparate mechanism is needed to lock the upper assembly 40 in position.If this is not the case, an optional motor break may be applied.

Since the pitch of the ball screw mechanism 100 can be relatively fine,the ball screw 100 and elevation servo motor 102 provide the ability tomake a virtually infinite number of fine elevation adjustments to theupper assembly 40. By using the elevation servo motor 102 to turn theball screw 100, it is also possible to track how many rotations theelevation servo motor 102 makes, and know what the elevation change isfor every revolution of the ball screw 100. As a result, the elevationof the upper assembly 40 can be determined using only feedback from theelevation servo motor 102. If desired, it is also possible to return theupper assembly 40 to a “home” position. This allows the star wheelsystem 20 to have the same starting point for tracking the elevation,even if the power is turned off or the unit is disassembled and put backtogether in a slightly different position.

FIGS. 17-21 show another example of an elevation adjustment mechanism30. In this case, the elevation change is accomplished with an internalscrew mechanism 120 shown in FIGS. 19 and 21. As in the case of the ballscrew system described above, an internal screw mechanism 120 can beused when the drive shaft 36 is in the form of a hollow tube, and thereis space for the internal screw mechanism 120 to fit in the interior 38of the drive shaft 36. In this case, the internal screw mechanism 120 isdriven by the main drive motor 26, rather than by a separate motor. Theupper assembly 40 is mounted onto the internal screw 120, and as thescrew 120 is turned in one direction, the upper assembly 40 is pushedupward. When the screw 120 is turned in the opposite direction, theupper assembly 40 is brought downward. This system can be constructed sothat the upper assembly 40 does not rotate relative to the lowerassembly 42 because it is locked in place with two or more internal gibs(plates that hold other parts in place). The gibs allow the upperassembly 40 to slide vertically relative to the lower assembly 42, butdo not allow rotation. The screw mechanism, like the ball screwmechanism in the prior embodiment provides for virtually infiniteadjustability of the elevation along its length.

FIGS. 17-18 show that the elevation adjustment process may be controlledwith an external component and an elevation locking system. The term“external component” refers to a component at least a portion of whichis located outside of the exterior of the drive shaft 36.

The elevation adjustment system 30 can comprise one or more elementsthat initiate the elevation adjustment process. The element(s) thatinitiate the elevation adjustment process can have any suitableconfiguration. FIGS. 17, 18, and 21 show one non-limiting example ofsuch an element is an elevation adjustment initiation component, whichis in the form of a rotatable “skillet plate” 130 having a “skillethandle” 132. The skillet handle 132 extends radially outward from thebody of the skillet plate 130. The distal end of the skillet handle 132has a recess 134 therein for engaging an adjustment element 80. Theupper assembly 40 of rotatable elements 32 in this example is joined tothe skillet plate 130. The elevation initiation component, skillet plate130, cooperates with the external component to initiate the elevationchange process by unlocking the elevation locking system.

In the embodiment shown, the external component of the elevationadjustment mechanism 30 may comprise a mechanism that is similar to, orthe same as the rotational adjustment mechanism 28 for setting the sizeof the pockets. In certain cases, the rotational adjustment system 28and the elevation change system 30 can utilize some of the samecomponents. The elevation adjustment system may, thus comprise a support82 and an adjustment element 80. In other cases, any of such componentsof the elevation adjustment system 30 could be different from those ofthe rotational adjustment system 28. The benefit of using the sameadjustment mechanism to initiate changing the elevation of the rotatableelements 32 that is used to change the rotational orientation of therotatable elements 32 is to reduce the number of components (toeliminate the need to have separate adjustment elements, separatemotors, etc.). However, in other cases, the elevation change couldeasily be accomplished with a separate mechanism comprising a separatemotor, air cylinder, hydraulic ram, etc., that does nothing but changeelevation. This device could be mounted on the rotary device, or itmight be mounted off the rotary device. The elevation adjustmentmechanism 30 could comprise a single radially actuated pneumaticcylinder that can extend adjustment element 80 at a fixed elevation toinitiate the elevation adjustment. In this system, the only drivingmotor would be the main drive motor 26.

It may be desirable for an elevation locking system to be used with theelevation adjustment system comprising the internal screw mechanism 120shown in FIGS. 17-21. Since the main drive motor 26 is also used to makethe elevation adjustment, it may be necessary to disengage (or uncouple)the upper assembly 40 from the drive motor 26 in order to make theelevation adjustment. In such a case, after the upper assembly 40 isdisengaged from the drive motor 26, the upper assembly 40 is moved tothe desired elevation using the internal screw mechanism 120. The upperassembly 40 is then locked in position and re-coupled to the drive motor26. The elevation locking mechanism may also be useful with anyelevation adjustment mechanisms 30 that (unlike the ball screwembodiment described previously) do not have the ability to unlock andlock the elevation of the rotatable elements 32.

The elevation locking mechanism can be any suitable mechanism. Theelevation locking mechanism may perform one or more of the followingfunctions: uncoupling or unlocking the rotatable elements 32 to allowelevational adjustment, and fixing or locking their position afterelevational adjustment. The elevation change mechanism may, thus, beselectively engageable with the mechanism for rotating the rotatableelement. Suitable elevation locking mechanisms include, but are notlimited to: spring clutches, ratchet systems, magnetic clutches,hydraulic pistons, and air cylinders. In those cases in which theelevation locking mechanism involves a type of clutch, the elevationlocking mechanism may be referred to as an “elevation clutch”.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17-21, a spring clutch system 140 isused (see FIGS. 20 and 21). The spring clutch can be in any suitableconfiguration. The spring clutch can be provided with any suitablenumber of springs. In the example shown, six compression springs 142 areused to lock the skillet plate 130 in place and keep the skillet platefrom rotating. The springs 142 press upward on the elevation clutchplates 144 and 146 to prevent them from rotating. The elevation clutchplates 144 and 146 may have any suitable configuration. Suitableconfigurations include smooth plates with a relatively high coefficientof friction, or plates that are configured (such as with teeth or thelike) to interlock with each other so that they do not rotate relativeto each other when engaged. Four small air cylinders 148 are at leastindirectly joined to the lower clutch plate 146. If the clutch plates144 and 146 are plastic, an optional reinforcing plate 150 can bepositioned between the lower clutch plate 146 and the air cylinders toabsorb forces exerted by the springs 142 and air cylinders 148. When airis applied to the air cylinders 148, they pull the lower clutch plate146 away from the upper clutch plate 144 (overpowering the springs) andcreate a gap between the plates. The skillet plate 130 is now free torotate and the elevation can be adjusted.

The procedure for changing the elevation of the upper assembly 40 (whenthe rotary device is provided with an elevation locking mechanism) is asfollows. The adjustment element 80 is raised until it is at the sameelevation as the elevation adjustment initiation component (which inthis embodiment is the “skillet plate” 130). The star wheel 22 isrotated until the skillet handle 132 is aligned with the adjustmentelement 80. The adjustment element 80 is extended so that the recess 134in the skillet handle 132 is engaged. When the adjustment element 80engages the skillet handle 132, a computer program in communication withthe adjustment element 80 sends a signal to a solenoid valve. Thistriggers the supply of air to the air cylinders. When this occurs, thespring clutch system 140 is disengaged. The air cylinders 148 pull theclutch plates 144 and 146 apart so the skillet plate 130 and screw 120are now free to spin. The rotatable elements 32 are rotated, but theadjustment element 80 prevents the skillet plate 130 from turning. Thisspins the screw 120 relative to the rest of the assembly, and theskillet plate 130 climbs upward (or moves downward). [The adjustmentelement 80 will move upward and downward with the skillet plate 130 inorder to stay engaged with the same. If the adjustment element 80 has athickness (e.g., vertical dimension) that is larger than the elevationchange, then the skillet handle 132 and the skillet plate 130 can simplyslide along the adjustment element 80, without any need for theadjustment element 80 to move upward or downward in order to stayengaged with the skillet plate 130. The upper assembly 40 is joined tothe skillet plate 130, so it also moves upward (or downward). When thecorrect elevation is achieved, air to the air cylinders 148 isdischarged and the springs 142 push the clutch plates 144 and 146 backtogether, locking in the elevation. The adjustment element 80 is thenretracted.

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the star wheel conveyor 22 may furthercomprise a mechanism for detecting the elevation of the upper assembly40. Such a detection mechanism 152 can be useful in several situations.One situation is if the elevation change mechanism 30 does not preciselytrack the elevation of the upper assembly 40. Another situation is thatthe elevation of the upper assembly 40 may be subject to unintendedchanges such that the upper assembly 40 is not at the anticipatedelevation. For instance, if the elevation of the upper assembly 40 canbe moved (manually for maintenance, or during a large machine jam), theelevation of the upper assembly 40 may need to be detected. There arenumerous alternative types of elevation detection mechanisms. Severalare as follows. In one case, a 3D laser scanner can be provided thatdetects the position and elevation of all the rotatable elements 32 fromthe side. In another case, an ultrasonic or laser scanner may be fixedabove the skillet plate 130 to determine the upper assembly 40 elevationand skillet handle 132 orientation. In another case, a probe can bemounted above the skillet plate that physically contacts the skilletplate 130 and then detects the skillet handle 132 orientation.

Numerous other embodiments of the elevation adjustment mechanism 30 arepossible, a non-limiting number of which are described herein.

The elevation change system 30 can comprise a piston that is either airdriven hydraulically actuated. Such an actuation system can, forexample, be provided in the form of a two or three position system. Thiswould not have infinite adjustability like the screw mechanism, but formany applications infinite adjustability is not necessary. For example,the elevation adjustment mechanism 30 may only need to provide a tallarticle (e.g., bottle) and a short article (bottle) setting. In such asystem, the upper assembly 40 can be mounted on a cylinder that isactuated “up” for tall bottles and “down” for short bottles”.

In other embodiments, where the drive shaft 36 is not configured for anelevation adjustment mechanism to fit therein (such as when the shaft 36is solid), other types of elevation adjustment mechanisms 30 may beused. It is desirable for such elevation adjustment mechanisms to stillbe capable of adjusting the elevation of the rotatable elements 32, andto have a mechanism that permits the rotatable elements 32 to be rotatedas a unit when the star wheel 22 is in operation. Since the elevation ofthe rotatable elements 32 will no longer be adjusted by a mechanismlocated inside the shaft 36, a mechanism that adjusts the elevation froma location outside the shaft 36 is used. Any suitable mechanism can beused including, but not limited to the external component and elevationlocking system shown in FIGS. 17 and 18.

The drive motor 26 and any other motors (e.g., the ball screw motors)are typically powered by electric current. Wires may provide currentfrom a source of electric current to the motor(s) to power the motors.In one embodiment, the motor position is controlled by a controller.Additional wires can be used to transmit the feedback of motor and/ordisk position to the controller. The system for controlling the motorscan be in the form of a closed loop control system that providesfeedback to the controller of the true motor position with a measurementdevice such as an encoder or resolver. However, in other embodiments,the desired position can be commanded to an open loop device such as astepper motor without position feedback. A computer and/or thecontroller can be located remotely from the rotary device and cancommunicate electrically with the motors. Communication is also possiblebetween a computer and a controller or motor by wireless means usingradio frequency, light, or sound.

The rotary device may be adjusted for a new shape and/or size article 10manually, at least partially automatically, or if desired, fullyautomatically. For instance, the he computer can be provided with acomputer-aided design (“CAD”) software program such as SOLIDWORKS™software available from Dassault Systems in which the CAD program canhave a digital electronic representation of a three dimensional article10 input into the program. A digital electronic representation of theadjustable star wheel (or other rotary device) can also be input intothe program. The digital input of the article can include the dimensionsof the three dimensional article 10 at levels or elevationscorresponding to each of the disks 32. The input relating to theelevations of the disks (or other rotatable element or elements) canalso include the dimensions of the article 10 within any range that theelevation of the disks may be adjusted. The relative angles andelevations of the digital electronic representation of the disks 32 canbe adjusted to enable the control surfaces 72 to cooperate with thedigital electronic representation of the article 10 and form a pocket 60to support the article within the CAD software. The control surfaces 72can be adjusted to be a desired offset dimension away from the surfaceof the article 10 to provide desired operating clearance and compensatefor variation in article size. The relative angles and elevations of therotatable elements 32 of the actual star wheel 22 can then be adjustedin the CAD program by the person operating the CAD program to match theconfiguration of the control surfaces and elevations of the digitalelectronic representation of the rotatable elements. The CAD programcan, thus, be used by the person operating the CAD program to determinethe necessary rotational angle and elevation for each of the disks 32 tocreate a pocket 60 to support the desired article geometry.

The computer can be in communication with the control system thatcontrols the adjustment mechanism, such as the motor 26 to adjust therotational (or angular) position and elevation of each of the star wheeldisks 32 to create the pockets 60 to accommodate the dimensions of athree dimensional article 10. The “angular” position of the disks refersto the angle which the disks are rotated relative to an initialposition. The CAD program can also be used to generate a table or listof numbers that describe a list of positions for each of the star wheeldisks 32. This list of positions can be uploaded or manually entered(such as by a human operator) into a programmable logic controller (PLC)that controls the position of each disk 32. A programmable logiccontroller is a digital computer used for automation ofelectromechanical processes. The PLC may be a separate device, or it maybe incorporated into the computer.

The process of using the CAD program to determine the rotary deviceadjustment setting can be further automated. For example, the operatorcan simply input a bottle file into the computer using macros inSOLIDWORKS™ or other software. Alternatively, a 3D scanner can be usedto detect the bottle geometry. Then the geometry can be imported intothe CAD program and the CAD program can automatically determine thesettings for the rotatable element or elements. Then these settingscould be sent to the PLC and the line changed over automatically. Insuch a process, the automated program will automatically determine thecorrect settings and rotate the disks 32. This can be much faster than aCAD operator electronically manipulating the star wheel 22 and bottlemodels to determine the correct settings for the rotary device.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “90 degrees” is intended tomean “about 90 degrees”.

It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation giventhroughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation,as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein.Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specificationwill include every higher numerical limitation, as if such highernumerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numericalrange given throughout this specification will include every narrowernumerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as ifsuch narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of anydocument is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this written document conflicts with any meaningor definition of the term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to the term in this written documentshall govern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An adjustable rotary device system comprising: a)a rotary device having sites for holding three dimensional articles,said rotary device being capable of conveying said articles along anarcuate path, said rotary device comprising: at least one rotatableelement having a center, two surfaces, and a periphery, said at leastone rotatable element being rotatable in a plane of rotation about anaxis in order to convey said articles, wherein said axis is generallyperpendicular to the plane of rotation of said rotatable element; and amechanism for rotating said rotatable element about said axis, saidmechanism being at least indirectly mechanically coupled to saidrotatable element; and b) an elevation change mechanism for adjustingthe elevation of said rotatable element in a direction parallel to saidaxis, wherein said elevation change mechanism is selectively engageablewith said mechanism for rotating said rotatable element, wherein saidmechanism for rotating said rotatable element is also arranged to impartmotion to said elevation change mechanism so that when said elevationchange mechanism is engaged with said mechanism for rotating saidrotatable element, the elevation change mechanism moves in the directionof said axis.
 2. The adjustable rotary device system of claim 1comprising an adjustable star wheel conveyor system wherein: the rotarydevice comprises a star wheel conveyor wherein said sites comprisepockets for said articles, and said star wheel conveyor comprises: aplurality of stacked individual rotatable elements, said rotatableelements each having a center, two surfaces, side edges, andperipheries, said individual rotatable elements being independentlyrotatable about said axis, and rotatable as a unit in order to conveysuch articles, wherein said axis is generally perpendicular to thesurfaces of said rotatable elements, wherein said rotatable elementscomprise portions on their side edges that define the boundaries of saidpockets, wherein the pockets defined by said rotatable elements have anadjustable configuration to accommodate different size and/or shapearticles, and wherein said rotatable elements have a difference inelevation therebetween in a direction parallel to said axis; themechanism for rotating said rotatable element is configured to rotatesaid rotatable elements; and the elevation change mechanism isconfigured to adjust the elevation of one of more of said rotatableelements.
 3. The adjustable star wheel system of claim 2 wherein theaxis is vertical.
 4. The adjustable star wheel system of claim 2 whereinthe elevation change mechanism is selected from the group consisting of:a ball screw linear actuator; a screw mechanism; a piston mechanism; alinear drive mechanism; a rack and pinion system; a spring system; and acable/pulley system.
 5. The adjustable star wheel system of claim 2wherein the elevation change mechanism comprises an internal screwmechanism aligned with said axis.
 6. The adjustable star wheel system ofclaim 2 wherein the stack of rotatable elements comprises an upperassembly comprising two or more rotatable elements and a lower assemblycomprising two or more rotatable elements, wherein said upper assemblyof rotatable elements and said lower assembly of rotatable elementshaving a distance therebetween in the direction of said axis, whereinthe elevation change mechanism is joined to one of said upper assemblyof rotatable elements and lower assembly of rotatable elements, whereinthe movement of said elevational change mechanism changes the distancebetween said upper assembly of rotatable elements and said lowerassembly of rotatable elements.
 7. The adjustable star wheel system ofclaim 2 further comprising an elevation locking mechanism having anengaged position and a disengaged position, wherein when said elevationlocking mechanism is disengaged, the elevation change mechanism ismovable in the direction of said axis in order to adjust the elevationof one or more of said rotatable elements; and when said elevationlocking mechanism is engaged, the elevation of said rotatable elementsis fixed and not able to move.
 8. The adjustable star wheel system ofclaim 7 wherein the elevation locking mechanism comprises an elevationclutch system comprising a clutch plate that prevents the rotatableelements from moving in the direction of said axis when engaged and atleast one spring that is positioned to exert a compressive force on theclutch plate in a direction generally parallel to said axis, whereinwhen said spring is in a first state of compression said rotatableelements are not movable in a direction of said axis, wherein saidelevation locking mechanism further comprises a mechanism fordisengaging said locking mechanism which at least partially uncompressessaid spring so that said clutch plate can be moved in a direction ofsaid axis to raise or lower one or more of said rotatable elements. 9.The adjustable star wheel system of claim 2 further comprising anadjustment mechanism for adjusting the relative elevation of one or moreof the rotatable elements, wherein said adjustment mechanism comprisesan adjustment element positioned to engage an initiation component onthe star wheel conveyor in order to at least initiate adjustment of theelevation of one or more of said individual rotatable elements relativeto the remaining rotatable elements in the stack of rotatable elements.10. The adjustable star wheel system of claim 9 wherein said adjustmentelement is movable to engage said initiation component of said starwheel conveyor in order to at least initiate adjustment of the elevationof one or more of said individual rotatable elements relative to theremaining rotatable elements in the stack of rotatable elements.
 11. Theadjustable star wheel system of claim 9 wherein said adjustmentmechanism comprises a support and said adjustment element is movablyjoined to said support to permit said adjustment element to move in atleast one of the following directions to contact the initiationcomponent of said star wheel conveyor in order to at least initiateadjustment of the vertical position of one or more of said individualrotatable elements: upwardly, downwardly, inwardly, outwardly, orlaterally relative to the axis of said rotatable elements.
 12. Theadjustable star wheel system of claim 11 wherein the support of theadjustment mechanism is located outside the peripheries of the rotatableelements.
 13. The adjustable star wheel system of claim 11 wherein theadjustment element is movable inwardly to contact the initiationcomponent of said star wheel conveyor in order to at least initiateadjustment of the vertical position of one or more of said individualrotatable elements.
 14. An adjustable star wheel system comprising: a) astar wheel conveyor for conveying three dimensional articles withinpockets along an arcuate path, said star wheel conveyor comprising: aplurality of stacked individual rotatable elements, said rotatableelements each having a center, two surfaces, side edges, andperipheries, said individual rotatable elements being independentlyrotatable about an axis that passes through their centers, and rotatableas a unit in order to convey such articles, wherein said axis isgenerally perpendicular to the surfaces of said rotatable elements,wherein said rotatable elements comprise portions on their side edgesthat define the boundaries of said pockets, wherein the pockets definedby said rotatable elements have an adjustable configuration toaccommodate different size and/or shape articles, and wherein saidrotatable elements have a difference in elevation therebetween in adirection parallel to said axis; and a mechanism for rotating one ormore of said rotatable elements about said axis, said mechanism beingmechanically coupled to said rotatable elements through a hollow driveshaft; and b) an elevation change mechanism for adjusting the elevationof said rotatable element in a direction parallel to said axis, whereinsaid elevation change mechanism is at least indirectly mechanicallycoupled to one or more of said rotatable elements through an inner shaftthat is located inside of said hollow drive shaft, and said elevationchange mechanism is selectively engageable with said mechanism forrotating said rotatable element, wherein said mechanism for rotatingsaid rotatable element is also arranged to impart motion to saidelevation change mechanism so that when said elevation change mechanismis engaged with said mechanism for rotating said rotatable element, theelevation change mechanism moves in the direction of said axis.
 15. Amethod for adjusting the elevation of a rotatable element on a rotarydevice, said method comprising the steps of: a) providing a rotarydevice system comprising: 1) a rotary device having sites for holdingthree dimensional articles, said rotary device being capable ofconveying said articles along an arcuate path, said rotary devicecomprising: at least one rotatable element having a center, twosurfaces, and a periphery, said at least one rotatable element beingrotatable about an axis in a plane of rotation in order to convey sucharticles, wherein said axis is generally perpendicular to the plane ofrotation of said rotatable element; and a mechanism for rotating saidrotatable element about said axis, said mechanism being mechanicallycoupled to said rotatable element; and 2) an elevation change mechanismfor adjusting the elevation of said rotatable element in a directionparallel to said axis, wherein said elevation change mechanism isselectively engageable with said mechanism for rotating said rotatableelement wherein said mechanism for rotating said rotatable element isalso arranged to impart motion to said elevation change mechanism sothat when said elevation change mechanism is engaged with said mechanismfor rotating said rotatable element, the elevation change mechanismmoves in the direction of said axis; and b) engaging the elevationchange mechanism with the mechanism for rotating said rotatable element,and causing said mechanism for rotating said rotatable element to rotateso that the elevation change mechanism moves in the direction of saidaxis to adjust the elevation of said rotatable element.